This review aims to inspire new research directions, as there is a gap in knowledge in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind BZD-induced amnesia. Additionally, the relationship between BZD use and cognitive decline related to Alzheimer’s disease is addressed, as there is a lack of consensus on whether these drugs are involved in inducing or accelerating pathological cognitive deficits. In this review we discuss, behavioral paradigms, sex differences and hormonal influences affecting BZD-induced amnesia, molecular manipulations, including the knockout of GABAa receptor subunits, and regional studies utilizing lesion and microinjection techniques targeted to the hippocampus and amygdala. However, these drugs come with the detrimental side effect of anterograde amnesia, or the inability to form new memories. 2Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, United Statesīenzodiazepines (BZDs) are anxiolytic drugs that act on GABAa receptors and are used to treat anxiety disorders.1Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 6–9.Kameron Kaplan 1,2 Holly Christian Hunsberger 1,2* A theory about why we forget what we once knew. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 235–269. The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 9, 55–72. Integrated knowledge in different tasks: The role of retrieval strategy on fan effects. Drug-induced amnesia hurts recognition, but only for memories that can be unitized. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 26, 294–320. A mechanistic account of the mirror effect for word frequency: A computational model of remember-know judgments in a continuous recognition paradigm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 17879–17883. The effect of midazolam on visual search: Implications for understanding amnesia. Drugs and human memory: Clinical, theoretical, and methodologic issues. Retrieval of propositional information from long-term memory. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 65, 630–639.Īnderson, J. The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam.
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